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学校网络改造后，才真正发现网络上病毒的昌狂。以前感觉还没这么明显，只是有时防一防就行了，现在不行了，杀毒软件装上三四个，防的，杀的都用上，还会时不时中招，哎，真是黔驴技穷了。
xue xiao wang luo gai zao hou cai zhen zheng fa xian wang luo shang bing du de chang kuang yi qian gan jiao hai mei zhe me ming xian zhi shi you shi fang yi fang jiu hang le xian zai bu hang le sha du ruan jian zhuang shang san si ge fang de sha de dou yong shang hai hui shi bu shi zhong zhao ai zhen shi qian lv ji qiong le
今天早上一来，说一同事说被arp攻击，攻击来源竟然就是办公室的机器。一会，另一同事又叫中招了。吓得我赶紧找arp的防御方法。终于在被攻击前将防御系统建成。
jin tian zao shang yi lai shuo yi tong shi shuo bei arp gong ji gong ji lai yuan jing ran jiu shi ban gong shi de ji qi yi hui ling yi tong shi you jiao zhong zhao le xia de wo gan jin zhao arp de fang yu fang fa zhong yu zai bei gong ji qian jiang fang yu xi tong jian cheng
arp，其英文解释为address resolution protocol 。
arp qi ying wen jie shi wei address resolution protocol
所谓“地址解析”就是主机在发送帧前将目标ip地址转换成目标mac地址的过程。arp协议的基本功能就是通过目标设备的ip地址，查询目标设备的mac地址以保证通信的顺利进行。arp协议主要负责将局域网中的32为ip地址转换为对应的48位物理地址，即网卡的mac地址，比如ip地址为192.168.0.1网卡mac地址为00-03-0f-fd-1d-2b。整个转换过程是一台主机先向目标主机发送包含ip地址信息的广播数据包，即arp请求，然后目标主机向该主机发送一个含有ip地址和mac地址数据包，通过mac地址两个主机就可以实现数据传输了。
suo wei di zhi jie xi jiu shi zhu ji zai fa song zheng qian jiang mu biao ip di zhi zhuan huan cheng mu biao mac di zhi de guo cheng arp xie yi de ji ben gong neng jiu shi tong guo mu biao she bei de ip di zhi cha xun mu biao she bei de mac di zhi yi bao zheng tong xin de shun li jin hang arp xie yi zhu yao fu ze jiang ju yu wang zhong de 32 wei ip di zhi zhuan huan wei dui ying de 48 wei wu li di zhi ji wang ka de mac di zhi bi ru ip di zhi wei 192.168.0.1 wang ka mac di zhi wei 00-03-0f-fd-1d-2b zheng ge zhuan huan guo cheng shi yi tai zhu ji xian xiang mu biao zhu ji fa song bao han ip di zhi xin xi de guang bo shu ju bao ji arp qing qiu ran hou mu biao zhu ji xiang gai zhu ji fa song yi ge han you ip di zhi he mac di zhi shu ju bao tong guo mac di zhi liang ge zhu ji jiu ke yi shi xian shu ju chuan shu le
在安装了以太网网络适配器的计算机中都有专门的arp缓存，包含一个或多个表，用于保存ip地址以及经过解析的mac地址。在windows中要查看或者修改arp缓存中的信息，可以使用arp命令来完成，比如在windows
zai an zhuang le yi tai wang wang luo shi pei qi de ji suan ji zhong dou you zhuan men de arp huan cun bao han yi ge huo duo ge biao yong yu bao cun ip di zhi yi ji jing guo jie xi de mac di zhi zai windows zhong yao cha kan huo zhe xiu gai arp huan cun zhong de xin xi ke yi shi yong arp ming ling lai wan cheng bi ru zai windows
xp的命令提示符窗口中键入“arp -a”或“arp
xp de ming ling ti shi fu chuang kou zhong jian ru arp -a huo arp
-g”可以查看arp缓存中的内容；键入“arp -d
-g ke yi cha kan arp huan cun zhong de nei rong jian ru arp -d
ipaddress”表示删除指定的ip地址项（ipaddress表示ip地址）。arp命令的其他用法可以键入“arp
ipaddress biao shi shan chu zhi ding de ip di zhi xiang ipaddress biao shi ip di zhi arp ming ling de qi ta yong fa ke yi jian ru arp
/?”查看到。也可以在windows xp的命令提示符窗口中键入“ipconfig
/? cha kan dao ye ke yi zai windows xp de ming ling ti shi fu chuang kou zhong jian ru ipconfig
／all”来查询本机的mac地址。
all lai cha xun ben ji de mac di zhi
一.简单的欺骗攻击
yi . jian dan de qi pian gong ji
这是比较常见的攻击,通过发送伪造的arp包来欺骗路由和目标主机,让目标主机认为这是一个合法的主机.便完成了欺骗.这种欺骗多发生在同一网段内,因为路由不会把本网段的包向外转发,当然实现不同网段的攻击也有方法,便要通过icmp协议来告诉路由器重新选择路由.
zhe shi bi jiao chang jian de gong ji , tong guo fa song wei zao de arp bao lai qi pian lu you he mu biao zhu ji , rang mu biao zhu ji ren wei zhe shi yi ge he fa de zhu ji . bian wan cheng le qi pian . zhe zhong qi pian duo fa sheng zai tong yi wang duan nei , yin wei lu you bu hui ba ben wang duan de bao xiang wai zhuan fa , dang ran shi xian bu tong wang duan de gong ji ye you fang fa , bian yao tong guo icmp xie yi lai gao su lu you qi zhong xin xuan ze lu you .
二.交换环境的嗅探
er . jiao huan huan jing de xiu tan
在最初的小型局域网中我们使用hub来进行互连,这是一种广播的方式,每个包都会经过网内的每台主机,通过使用软件,就可以嗅谈到整个局域网的数据.现在的网络多是交换环境,网络内数据的传输被锁定的特定目标.既已确定的目标通信主机.在arp欺骗的基础之上,可以把自己的主机伪造成一个中间转发站来监听两台主机之间的通信.
zai zui chu de xiao xing ju yu wang zhong wo men shi yong hub lai jin hang hu lian , zhe shi yi zhong guang bo de fang shi , mei ge bao dou hui jing guo wang nei de mei tai zhu ji , tong guo shi yong ruan jian , jiu ke yi xiu tan dao zheng ge ju yu wang de shu ju . xian zai de wang luo duo shi jiao huan huan jing , wang luo nei shu ju de chuan shu bei suo ding de te ding mu biao . ji yi que ding de mu biao tong xin zhu ji . zai arp qi pian de ji chu zhi shang , ke yi ba zi ji de zhu ji wei zao cheng yi ge zhong jian zhuan fa zhan lai jian ting liang tai zhu ji zhi jian de tong xin .
三.mac flooding
san .mac flooding
这是一个比较危险的攻击,可以溢出交换机的arp表,使整个网络不能正常通信
zhe shi yi ge bi jiao wei xian de gong ji , ke yi yi chu jiao huan ji de arp biao , shi zheng ge wang luo bu neng zheng chang tong xin
四.基于arp的dos
si . ji yu arp de dos
这是新出现的一种攻击方式,d.o.s又称拒绝服务攻击,当大量的连接请求被发送到一台主机时,由于主机的处理能力有限,不能为正常用户提供服务,便出现拒绝服务.这个过程中如果使用arp来隐藏自己,在被攻击主机的日志上就不会出现真实的ip.攻击的同时,也不会影响到本机.
zhe shi xin chu xian de yi zhong gong ji fang shi ,d.o.s you cheng ju jue fu wu gong ji , dang da liang de lian jie qing qiu bei fa song dao yi tai zhu ji shi , you yu zhu ji de chu li neng li you xian , bu neng wei zheng chang yong hu ti gong fu wu , bian chu xian ju jue fu wu . zhe ge guo cheng zhong ru guo shi yong arp lai yin cang zi ji , zai bei gong ji zhu ji de ri zhi shang jiu bu hui chu xian zhen shi de ip. gong ji de tong shi , ye bu hui ying xiang dao ben ji .
防护方法:
fang hu fang fa :
1.ip+mac访问控制.
1.ip+mac fang wen kong zhi .
单纯依靠ip或mac来建立信任关系是不安全,理想的安全关系建立在ip+mac的基础上.这也是我们校园网上网必须绑定ip和mac的原因之一.
dan chun yi kao ip huo mac lai jian li xin ren guan xi shi bu an quan , li xiang de an quan guan xi jian li zai ip+mac de ji chu shang . zhe ye shi wo men xiao yuan wang shang wang bi xu bang ding ip he mac de yuan yin zhi yi .
2.静态arp缓存表.
2. jing tai arp huan cun biao .
每台主机都有一个临时存放ip-mac的对应表arp攻击就通过更改这个缓存来达到欺骗的目的,使用静态的arp来绑定正确的mac是一个有效的方法.在命令行下使用arp
mei tai zhu ji dou you yi ge lin shi cun fang ip-mac de dui ying biao arp gong ji jiu tong guo geng gai zhe ge huan cun lai da dao qi pian de mu de , shi yong jing tai de arp lai bang ding zheng que de mac shi yi ge you xiao de fang fa . zai ming ling hang xia shi yong arp
-a可以查看当前的arp缓存表.以下是本机的arp表
-a ke yi cha kan dang qian de arp huan cun biao . yi xia shi ben ji de arp biao
c:\documents and settings\cnqing>arp
c:\documents and settings\cnqing>arp
-a
-a
interface: 210.31.197.81 on interface
arp攻击软件防,反,下载,检测arp攻击的软件,防止arp反攻击软件下载,arp攻击,arp攻击器,什么是arp攻击,
interface: 210.31.197.81 on interface
arp gong ji ruan jian fang , fan , xia zai , jian ce arp gong ji de ruan jian , fang zhi arp fan gong ji ruan jian xia zai ,arp gong ji ,arp gong ji qi , shen me shi arp gong ji ,
0x1000003
0x1000003
internet address physical address
internet address physical address
type
type
210.31.197.94 00-03-6b-7f-ed-02
210.31.197.94 00-03-6b-7f-ed-02
dynamic
dynamic
其中"dynamic"
qi zhong "dynamic"
代表动态缓存,即收到一个相关arp包就会修改这项.如果是个非法的含有不正确的网关的arp包,这个表就会自动更改.这样我们就不能找到正确的网关mac,就不能正常和其他主机通信.静态表的建立用arp
dai biao dong tai huan cun , ji shou dao yi ge xiang guan arp bao jiu hui xiu gai zhe xiang . ru guo shi ge fei fa de han you bu zheng que de wang guan de arp bao , zhe ge biao jiu hui zi dong geng gai . zhe yang wo men jiu bu neng zhao dao zheng que de wang guan mac, jiu bu neng zheng chang he qi ta zhu ji tong xin . jing tai biao de jian li yong arp
-s ip mac.
-s ip mac.
执行"arp -s 210.31.197.94
zhi hang "arp -s 210.31.197.94
00-03-6b-7f-ed-02"后,我们再次查看arp缓存表.
00-03-6b-7f-ed-02" hou , wo men zai ci cha kan arp huan cun biao .
c:\documents and settings\cnqing>arp
c:\documents and settings\cnqing>arp
-a
-a
interface: 210.31.197.81 on interface
interface: 210.31.197.81 on interface
0x1000003
0x1000003
internet address physical address
internet address physical address
type
type
210.31.197.94 00-03-6b-7f-ed-02
210.31.197.94 00-03-6b-7f-ed-02
static
static
此时"type"项变成了"static",静态类型.这个状态下,是不会在接受到arp包时改变本地缓存的.从而有效的防止arp攻击.静态的arp条目在每次重启后都要消失需要重新设置.
ci shi "type" xiang bian cheng le "static", jing tai lei xing . zhe ge zhuang tai xia , shi bu hui zai jie shou dao arp bao shi gai bian ben di huan cun de . cong er you xiao de fang zhi arp gong ji . jing tai de arp tiao mu zai mei ci zhong qi hou dou yao xiao shi xu yao zhong xin she zhi .
3.arp 高速缓存超时设置
3.arp gao su huan cun chao shi she zhi
在arp高速缓存中的表项一般都要设置超时值,缩短这个这个超时值可以有效的防止arp表的溢出.
zai arp gao su huan cun zhong de biao xiang yi ban dou yao she zhi chao shi zhi , suo duan zhe ge zhe ge chao shi zhi ke yi you xiao de fang zhi arp biao de yi chu .
4.主动查询
4. zhu dong cha xun
在某个正常的时刻,做一个ip和mac对应的数据库,以后定期检查当前的ip和mac对应关系是否正常.定期检测交换机的流量列表,查看丢包率.
zai mou ge zheng chang de shi ke , zuo yi ge ip he mac dui ying de shu ju ku , yi hou ding qi jian cha dang qian de ip he mac dui ying guan xi shi fou zheng chang . ding qi jian ce jiao huan ji de liu liang lie biao , cha kan diu bao lv .
5.应用软件来进行自动防护。（现在我用的防护手法）
5. ying yong ruan jian lai jin hang zi dong fang hu xian zai wo yong de fang hu shou fa
antiarp是一个免受arp欺骗防护软件，其使用方法非常简单，可使你在其帮助下将arp攻击拦截在外。
antiarp shi yi ge mian shou arp qi pian fang hu ruan jian qi shi yong fang fa fei chang jian dan ke shi ni zai qi bang zhu xia jiang arp gong ji lan jie zai wai
总结:arp本身不能造成多大的危害,一旦被结合利用,其危险性就不可估量了.由于arp本身的问题.使得防范arp的攻击很棘手,经常查看当前的网络状态,监控流量对一个网管员来说是个很好的习惯.
zong jie :arp ben shen bu neng zao cheng duo da de wei hai , yi dan bei jie he li yong , qi wei xian xing jiu bu ke gu liang le . you yu arp ben shen de wen ti . shi de fang fan arp de gong ji hen ji shou , jing chang cha kan dang qian de wang luo zhuang tai , jian kong liu liang dui yi ge wang guan yuan lai shuo shi ge hen hao de xi guan .
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